Alexanders Empire :: essays research papers

Alexander's Empire The ancient Kingdom of Macedonia, situated in the north of modern Greece, was established by Perdiccas I about 640 B.C. Perdiccas was a Dorian, although the Macedonian tribes included Thracian and Illyrian elements. Originally a semibarbarous and fragmented power, Macedon became tributary to Persia under the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes I and thereafter struggled to maintain itself against Thracians and other barbarians and against the Greek cities of the Chalcidice as well as Sparta and Athens. A new stage began with Archelaus (d.399 B.C.), who centralized the kingdom with a system of roads and forts; he also fostered the Hellenization of his people by inviting famous Greek artists, Euripides among them, to his court. Few regions gave much thought to Macedonia. The area was so primitive that it seemed to belong to another age- it was a rude, brawling, heavy-drinking country of dour peasants and landowning warriors. The language was Greek, but so tainted by barbarian strains that Athenians could not understand it. Macedonia remained an outland. Growth of trade in the early fourth century promoted the rise of several cities, yet when Perdiccas III, king of Macedonia, fell in 359 B.C. while fighting the Illyrians the seaboard of his state was largely under Athenian control or in the hands of the Chalcidian league, grouped about Olynthus. Philip (382-36), brother of the dead king, was made regent for the infant heir, soon set aside his nephew, and became outright king. Once power was his, the young monarch swiftly brought order to his domain by armed force when necessary, by diplomatic guile whenever he could, Philip set out to make Macedon the greatest power in the Greek world. Alexander was born in 356 to the first wife of Philip. As a teenager Alexander was educated by Athenian philosopher Aristotle. By the year 337 all of the Greek city-states had been conquered or forced into an alliance by Philip. He was planning to lead their joint forces for an invasion of the Persian empire when he was assassinated in 336. Thus at the age of 20, Alexander became king of the Macedonians. After Philip's death, some Greek cities under Macedonian rule revolted. In 335 B.C. Alexander's army stormed the walls of the rebellious city of Thebes and demolished the city. About 30,000 inhabitants were sold in slavery. Alexander's action against Thebes discouraged, for a time, rebellion by other Greek cities With Greece under control, Alexander turned to his fathers plan for attacking the Persian Empire. In 334 B.C., he led an army of about 35,000 infantry and cavalry across the Hellespont from Europe to Asia.

Principles of economics: understanding monopoly Essay

| |Refer to the diagram below for a non-discriminating monopolist and answer the following questions 1 to 7: | | | |[pic] | | |1. |The profit-maximizing output for this firm is M. |T / F | |2. |At the profit-maximizing output the firm’s economic profit will be BAFG. |T / F | |3. |At output R economic profits will be zero. |T / F | |4. |At output Q production will be unprofitable. |T / F | |5. |The profit-maximizing price for this firm is J. |T / F | |6. |At output M total cost will be 0CHM. |T / F | |7. |If the government regulates the monopolist so that it charges the socially optimal price, the monopolist will |T / F | | |produce output Q. | | |8. |A monopoly is an industry with a single firm in which the entry of new firms is blocked. |T / F | |9. |If entry of new firms is prohibited in a pure monopoly industry the monopolist may be able to earn normal profit in|T / F | | |the long run. | | |10. |The pure monopolist’s demand curve is the industry demand curve. |T / F | |11. |A monopolist sets the price at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost. |T / F | |12. |When a monopolist incurs a loss it will produce as long as its total revenue covers its total variable costs. |T / F | |13. |Natural monopolies result from extensive economies of scale in production. |T / F | |SECTION B | |1. |[pic] | | |Refer to the diagram above. Determine the: | | | | | | |i. |Price equilibrium | | |ii. |Quantity equilibrium | | | | | | |At equilibrium, calculate the: | | | | | | |iii. |Total variable costs | | |iv. |Total costs | | |v. |Total fixed costs | | |vi. |Total revenue | | |vii. |Total profit/loss | |2. |The following diagram shows the costs and revenues for the producer of Company DeMassa. | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | AR = average revenue | | | | MR = marginal revenue | | | | AC = average cost | | | | MC = marginal cost | | | | | | | | | | |a. |At what output and price will the producer maximize its profits? Explain | | | | | | |b. |How much profit/loss will be made? Should the firm continue production? | | | | | | |c. |Would you categorize Company DeMassa’s market structure as perfect competition or imperfect competition? | | | |Explain. | | | | | | |d. |List four characteristics of the market structure above. | | | | | | |e. |Based on part a, calculate the total fixed cost of the firm. | | | | | | SECTION C 1. Explain the various price discrimination practices. Price discrimination is bad for the public. Do you agree with this statement? 2. List four types of barriers to entry. 3. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of monopoly. MC AC AVC 9 10 11 12 AR Quantity (million, unit) MR Price, $ 7 6 5 4 Quantity (‘000) MR AR 22 20 17 16 14 Price (RM) MC AC AVC 160 185.

Comparing Pluralist and Ruling Elite Accounts of Political...

Comparing Pluralist and Ruling Elite Accounts of Political Power in the U.K. and U.S. Whilst there are not any absolutely accurate interpretations of political power and political system, there are different controversial theories about those, among which, pluralist and ruling elite are the two fundamentally outstanding theories that both have echoing practical influences in the modern world of politics nowadays. In this essay, I shall try to attempt to briefly explain the two theories, going further on from this, to mainly compare and contrast these theories, especially taking into account the political power in the UK and US where modern democratic societies are claimed to exist and government is†¦show more content†¦Contrasting with pluralism, the theory of ruling elite suggests that government can and should be controlled by a small elite, as mobilising and communicating within a small group is far simplier and easier than that of the mass body. It can be seen as a minority which governs in its own interest and is unaccountable to the majority. It is d efined by the possession of three characteristics: consciousness, coherence and conspiracy. Consciousness refers to the awareness of common interests, coherence means that it shares a common interest and conspiracy describes the capacity to act collectively. Ancient Greek philosopher Plato (427 – 347 BC.) argued that an intelligent elite, whom he styled ’Philosoher-Kings’, should government. In addition, the elitists shared a common sceptical view that democratic government is impossible and might be undesirable. They do not believe many interests are represented as political institutions rarely serve their formally stated purposes and instead represent whom they wish. Today there are pluralist influences as well as pluralist essences in both the US and UK politics. They both have social pluralism, according to sheer sizes of their citizens with different interests, ethnics or religions; this also prevents everyone from taking part in the government and instead,Show MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesthe book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory isRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesalso reflective of a wider tradition of significant involvement in the practical sphere by senior British accounting academics. For we must remember that it was Professor Edward Stamp who was one of the first to call the British audit profession to account with his questioning of ‘who shall audit the auditors?’ The subsequent institutional response has most likely gained as much from the likes of Professors Harold Edey, Bryan Carsberg, Ken Peasnell, Geoffrey Whittington, and  ´ David Tweedie as it has